The sociolinguistic study of Gilaki-Persian code-switching

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Payame Noor university, Tehran, Iran.

2 MA graduate of linguistics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The present study investigated the sociolinguistics aspects of code-switching (CS) of bilingual Gilaki-Persian speech community in Gilan. Considering the fact that the study of code-switching patterns in a bilingual society can indicate the change pattern and the extent of use of language varieties in a society, it is necessary to study code-switching patterns in a bilingual society like Gilki-Persian bilingual community.A researcher-constructed survey questionnaire was used to collect the CS data from 218 bilingual speakers in Rasht. The research explored the relationships between CS with sociolinguistic variables of age, gender and educational level of bilingual speakers, in addition to psycholinguistic variable of speaker’s attitude towards CS. The study was conducted within the framework of Fishman’s domain analysis (1972). The results show Gilaki-Persian CS is more common in family and neighborhood domain. Also according to the results, CS is more common among women speakers. Considering the variables of age and educational level, CS is more common among young educated members of this bilingual community. The results also confirm a strong positive relationship between speaker’s attitude towards CS and its actual use in everyday conversations.

Keywords: code-switching, sociolinguistics, sociolinguistic variables, speaker’s attitude, Gilaki.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Afshar, T. and Garavand, F. (2021). Code-switching in Laki-Farsi bilingual community, investigating the effect of age, gender and context of situation. Linguistics and Khorasni Dialects (2), 13.
Ahmadi, Shahu. (2023). The study of code-switching in EFL classrooms in bilingual communities: a case study in Sandandaj. MA Thesis, Ilam University.
Alfonzetti, Giovanaa. (2005), Integrational variation in code switching, some remarks, Italian Journal of Linguistics, Vol.17, No.1, pp. 93-112.
Alfonzetti, G. (2014). Age-related Variation in Code-switching between Italian and the Sicilian Dialect. Athens Journal of Philology, 2(1), 21-34.‏
Azizi1, K., Azizifar, A., Ghohari, H., Validi, Sh. (2018). Sociological study of codification phenomenon Bilingual Kurdish - Persian In the students. Journal of Research in Teaching, 3(6).
Boztepe, Erman. 2003, Issues in Code-Switching: Competing Theories and Models, Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol.3, No.2.  pp.1-27.
Auer, P. (2002). Code-Switching in Conversation: Language, Interaction, and Identity. London: Rouledge.
Brown, Keith & Jim Miller. (2013). The Cambridge Dictionary of Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, K. H. Y. (2008). Positioning and repositioning: Linguistic practices and identity negotiation of overseas returning bilinguals in Hong Kong. Multilingua, 27, 57–75
Dewaele J.-M., Wei L. (2014). Intra-and inter-individual variation in self-reported code-switching patterns of adult multilinguals. International Journal of Multilingualism, 11(2), 225–246.
Fang,X. (2022), Code-switching and the Construction of Identity in Where Are We Going, Dad? Season V from the Socio-psycholinguistic Perspective, English Linguistic research, Vol.11, No.2.
Fishman J. Sociolinguistics: A Brief Introduction. Newbury House: Rowley, M.A; 1972
Gardner, Chloros, P. (1991). Language selection and switching in Strasbourg. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Genemo, T. B. (2021). Multilingualism and language choice in domains. Multilingualism – interdisciplinary topics. IntechOpen.
Gibbons J. (1987). Code-mixing and code choice: A Hong Kong case study. Multilingual Matters.
Giesbers, H.W.M., 1989. Code-switching tussen dialect en standaardtaal. Amsterdam: PJ Meertens-Instituut voor Dialectologie, Volkskunde en Naamkunde.
Greenfield L. Situational measures of normative language view in relation to Person, place, and topic among Puerto Rican bilinguals. In: Fishman JA, editor. Advances in the Sociology of Language. Vol. 2. The Hague: Mouton; 1972. pp. 17-35
.Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with two languages: An introduction to bilingualism. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
Gumperz. J.J. (1971). "Language in Social Groups". Language and National Development. Vol. 3. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gumperz. J.J.  . (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jafari, Zohre. (2011). The facilitative and debilirative role of code-switching: types, functions and gender preferences among Iranian EFL teachers and language learners, M.A. thesis,University of Kashan.
Meeuwis, Michael & Jan Blommaert. 1998: A monolectal view of code-switching. Layered code-switching among Zairians in Belgium. In Peter Auer (ed.), Code-switching in conversation. Language, interaction and identity, 76–98. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mesthrie, R. (2021). Colony, post‐colony and world Englishes in the South African context. World Englishes, 40(1), 12-23.
Muysken, Pieter. 2000: Bilingual speech: A typology of Code-Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Myers-Scotton, C. (1993). Social motivations for codeswitching: Evidence from Africa.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Parasher SN. (1980) Mother-Tongue-English diglossia: A case study of educated Indian Bilinguals’ language use. Anthropological Linguistics.;22(4):151-168
Poplack S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish y termino en Español: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics, 18, 581–618.
Sebonde, R. (2012). Code-switching and social stratification in a rural Chasu community in Tanzania. Language Matters, 43(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2011.627683
Sobrero, Alberto A. (1994) "Code switching in dialectal communities in Italy." Rivista di linguistica 6.1, 39-55.
Stell, Gerald and  Kofi Yakpo (ed.).(2015).  Code-switching Between Structural and Sociolinguistic Perspectives, Volume 43 of linguae & litterae. De Gruuyter.
Vandekerckhove, R. (1998). Code-switching between dialect and standard language as a graduator of dialect loss and dialect vitality. A Case Study in West Flanders. Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik, 65(3), 280.
Vogt, H (1954). Language contacts. WORD, 10(2-3), 365-374.
Wardhaugh. (2000). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Beijing: Foreign language teaching and Research Press.
Yim,Odilia and Clement,R. (2021), Acculturation and Attitudes toward code-switching: A bidimensional framework, International Journal of Bilingualism, vol.25, issue 5,pp.1369-1388.
Journal of Iranian Dialects & Linguistics
Volume 9, Issue 2
March 2025
Pages 177-196

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 23 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 09 February 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics