Shiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823The Causative alternation in the Khūri dialectThe Causative alternation in the Khūri dialect125537410.22099/jill.2019.5374FAMehdiAbbasiTehran University, Tehran, IranGholam HosseinKarimi KoostanTehran University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20180424The causative alternation is a transitivity alternation between a causative verb and its anti-causative counterpart. Concerning the relationship between the two variants, two general approaches have been taken by linguists: derivational and non-derivational. In the derivational approach, it is supposed that one of the variants is basic and the other one derived. In the intransitive base approach (causativisation), the anti-causative is considered basic and the causative derived. In the transitive base approach (anti-causativisation), however, the causative is considered basic and the anti-causative derived. In the non-derivational or common base approach there is no direct relationship between the two variants but both come from a third source or root. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate the above-mentioned approaches in the light of morphologically marked alternating verbs in the Khūri dialect __ a Northwest Iranian language spoken in the Central Desert of Iran. The morphological evidence in Khūri shows that the derivational approaches to the causative alternation do not have a general analytic strategy and can only account for the morphological marking of the causative or anti-causative variant. On the contrary, the non-derivational common base approach covers the areas of variation in Khūri (one of the two variants or both of them could be marked) and can explain this morphological variation inclusively.The causative alternation is a transitivity alternation between a causative verb and its anti-causative counterpart. Concerning the relationship between the two variants, two general approaches have been taken by linguists: derivational and non-derivational. In the derivational approach, it is supposed that one of the variants is basic and the other one derived. In the intransitive base approach (causativisation), the anti-causative is considered basic and the causative derived. In the transitive base approach (anti-causativisation), however, the causative is considered basic and the anti-causative derived. In the non-derivational or common base approach there is no direct relationship between the two variants but both come from a third source or root. The aim of this article is to critically evaluate the above-mentioned approaches in the light of morphologically marked alternating verbs in the Khūri dialect __ a Northwest Iranian language spoken in the Central Desert of Iran. The morphological evidence in Khūri shows that the derivational approaches to the causative alternation do not have a general analytic strategy and can only account for the morphological marking of the causative or anti-causative variant. On the contrary, the non-derivational common base approach covers the areas of variation in Khūri (one of the two variants or both of them could be marked) and can explain this morphological variation inclusively.https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5374_4a6aa6811599abe9c05cdd3ebd275ac2.pdfShiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823An etymological analysis of Evazi wordsAn etymological analysis of Evazi words2746537510.22099/jill.2019.5375FASharareShafaeishiraz universityFarokhHajianiShiraz University, Shiraz, IranMohsenMahmoodiShiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20170127The Evazi dialect is one of Iran's southwestern dialects. Along with Lari dialects (Evaz, Khonj, Juyom, Lar, etc.), this dialect spans vast regions of Hormozgan Province (a part of Bandar Abbas, the whole Bandar Lengeh, Bastak, etc.) the dialects of which are all evolved forms of Middle Persian. Although these dialects show few differences when compared with each other, they can be considered as having originated from the Lari dialect. In the present paper, 15 native words of the Evazi dialect have been examined etymologically and comparatively. Based on the existing evidence in the dialect, the derivational evolution and formation of each word has been considered. Afterwards, its equivalent in the other dialects as well as the middle era form of the word, its related ancient Iranian forms, the etymology of the word in question and its equivalent in other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages have been presented. The research method applied in this paper is field research, and the performance method is analytical-descriptive carried out through word collection from valid sources and recording the speakers’ voices. The etymological and comparative examination of these words shows this dialect's relatedness to Iranian languages spoken in the region in three historical eras. Also, the etymological examination of these Evazi words shows that Iranian dialects have a wealth of Iranian languages data in them still unknown. Their examination with a historical approach reveals the value of these data and at the same time, contributes to future studies on other Iranian languages and dialects and a better understanding of them.The Evazi dialect is one of Iran's southwestern dialects. Along with Lari dialects (Evaz, Khonj, Juyom, Lar, etc.), this dialect spans vast regions of Hormozgan Province (a part of Bandar Abbas, the whole Bandar Lengeh, Bastak, etc.) the dialects of which are all evolved forms of Middle Persian. Although these dialects show few differences when compared with each other, they can be considered as having originated from the Lari dialect. In the present paper, 15 native words of the Evazi dialect have been examined etymologically and comparatively. Based on the existing evidence in the dialect, the derivational evolution and formation of each word has been considered. Afterwards, its equivalent in the other dialects as well as the middle era form of the word, its related ancient Iranian forms, the etymology of the word in question and its equivalent in other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European languages have been presented. The research method applied in this paper is field research, and the performance method is analytical-descriptive carried out through word collection from valid sources and recording the speakers’ voices. The etymological and comparative examination of these words shows this dialect's relatedness to Iranian languages spoken in the region in three historical eras. Also, the etymological examination of these Evazi words shows that Iranian dialects have a wealth of Iranian languages data in them still unknown. Their examination with a historical approach reveals the value of these data and at the same time, contributes to future studies on other Iranian languages and dialects and a better understanding of them.https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5375_143309df81c3d289331eb4e7b9ec10a6.pdfShiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823A study of Takestan Tati clitics and final consonant elision on the basis of the Optimality TheoryA study of Takestan Tati clitics and final consonant elision on the basis of the Optimality Theory4765537610.22099/jill.2019.5376FAJavadRahmaniIslamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranMohammad RezaOrojiDepartment of linguistics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad university, Zanjan, IranBehzadRahbarAssistant professor of Linguistics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IranJournal Article20180202The present study is an attempt to investigate the morpho-phonological clitics in the Tati dialect of Takestan in the light of optimality theory. Morpho-phonological processes are phonological changes occurring in a morphological context, i.e., those that happen between morphemes. They are phonologically governed. The research was analytical and the data were collected from Tati books and local media. This study probes into the application of the morpho-phonological processes in the clitics of the Takestani Tati dialect from an Optimality Theory point of view. The results illustrated that in Tati, both elision and insertion processes happen in morphological borders, highlighting conspiracy in this language. In other words, this study concluded that the global ranking constraints also apply to Tati and the constraints in the Tati dialect were in line with the universal ones. The present study can add to the linguistic scope and knowledge of scholars, further acquainting the researchers with the morpho-phonological processes of the Tati dialect and its adaptation to the universalities of this realm.The present study is an attempt to investigate the morpho-phonological clitics in the Tati dialect of Takestan in the light of optimality theory. Morpho-phonological processes are phonological changes occurring in a morphological context, i.e., those that happen between morphemes. They are phonologically governed. The research was analytical and the data were collected from Tati books and local media. This study probes into the application of the morpho-phonological processes in the clitics of the Takestani Tati dialect from an Optimality Theory point of view. The results illustrated that in Tati, both elision and insertion processes happen in morphological borders, highlighting conspiracy in this language. In other words, this study concluded that the global ranking constraints also apply to Tati and the constraints in the Tati dialect were in line with the universal ones. The present study can add to the linguistic scope and knowledge of scholars, further acquainting the researchers with the morpho-phonological processes of the Tati dialect and its adaptation to the universalities of this realm.https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5376_1eb00689a711180b66ce87c6b0b028ec.pdfShiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823Lenition and metathesis processes in the Brafto Tang Sha dialect of BakhtiariLenition and metathesis processes in the Brafto Tang Sha dialect of Bakhtiari6789537710.22099/jill.2019.5377FAShahinAmirJaniIslamic Azad University of Ghom, Ghom, IranAliyeA.Z.KambuziaTrabiat Modares University Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammad JavadHejaziIslamic Azad University of Ghom, Ghom, IranJournal Article20170819<span>The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the lenition and metathesis processes in the standard variety of the Persian language and the Brafto Tang Sha dialect of Bakhtiari as a southwestern Iranian language. For this purpose, 150 words were first selected from the dialect questionnaire and glossary. Then, eight illiterate and semi-literate native speakers aged 40 to 80 were interviewed. Additionally, the linguistic intuition of one of the writers as a native speaker as well as some written sources were used as the research background. The data were analyzed in the framework of generative phonology, and the phonetic notation was based on the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet). The research method was descriptive-analytic. In the analysis of each of the processes, a table of data and its related rules was presented; and eventually in some cases, nonlinear representations were made by means of phonemic features. The study results indicate that the process of lenition in this dialect can be explained in the framework of generative phonology. Furthermore, the study showed that some types of lenition, including assimilation, deletion and grave as well as acute features are observable in these processes</span><span>The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the lenition and metathesis processes in the standard variety of the Persian language and the Brafto Tang Sha dialect of Bakhtiari as a southwestern Iranian language. For this purpose, 150 words were first selected from the dialect questionnaire and glossary. Then, eight illiterate and semi-literate native speakers aged 40 to 80 were interviewed. Additionally, the linguistic intuition of one of the writers as a native speaker as well as some written sources were used as the research background. The data were analyzed in the framework of generative phonology, and the phonetic notation was based on the IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet). The research method was descriptive-analytic. In the analysis of each of the processes, a table of data and its related rules was presented; and eventually in some cases, nonlinear representations were made by means of phonemic features. The study results indicate that the process of lenition in this dialect can be explained in the framework of generative phonology. Furthermore, the study showed that some types of lenition, including assimilation, deletion and grave as well as acute features are observable in these processes</span>https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5377_b950d756b03659d9f8f95db55416e5a1.pdfShiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823Reduplication in LariReduplication in Lari91111537810.22099/jill.2019.5378FAHosseinNAJARIShiraz University, Shiraz, IranShimaSedighiShiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20180915Sometimes, the speakers of a language form new words in order to express their intended concepts and meanings. In doing so, they tap into and follow some principles and patterns which lead to some processes generally known as word formation processes. Reduplication is one of these processes which is used in most languages. In reduplication, new words are generated when all or part of a word is reduplicated. The present study was undertaken to examine this process, i.e. reduplication in Lari, a language from the southeast of Iran with an ancient history and to explore the word formation and meaning of the words created as a result of this process. The lexicons were collected through library research and were analyzed next. The findings of the study indicate that both total and partial reduplication exist in Lari, and each of these two forms of reduplication has its own sub-categories. Furthermore, during the study, some words were found which could not be used on their own and had to attach to a light verb for them to be used in a sentence.Sometimes, the speakers of a language form new words in order to express their intended concepts and meanings. In doing so, they tap into and follow some principles and patterns which lead to some processes generally known as word formation processes. Reduplication is one of these processes which is used in most languages. In reduplication, new words are generated when all or part of a word is reduplicated. The present study was undertaken to examine this process, i.e. reduplication in Lari, a language from the southeast of Iran with an ancient history and to explore the word formation and meaning of the words created as a result of this process. The lexicons were collected through library research and were analyzed next. The findings of the study indicate that both total and partial reduplication exist in Lari, and each of these two forms of reduplication has its own sub-categories. Furthermore, during the study, some words were found which could not be used on their own and had to attach to a light verb for them to be used in a sentence.https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5378_fa5f53c046a6da29cbd3c6f8da084c21.pdfShiraz UniversityJournal of Iranian Dialects Linguistics2538-35744120190823Acoustic ananlysis of the impact of blindness on Persian voiced stop consonants in CV syllablesAcoustic ananlysis of the impact of blindness on Persian voiced stop consonants in CV syllables113135537910.22099/jill.2019.5379FATahereMahmoodi AhmadabadiTehran University, Tehran, IranArsalanGolfamTarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9402-9079MandanaNourbakhshAl-Zahra University, Tehran, IranAliyehA.Z.KambuziaAl-Zahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20190703The multimodal perception and production of speech production have gained a lot of attention as a result of various studies in the 1990s up to now. Although there are discussions about the importance of the role of different perceptual systems in speech production, there is agreement over the facilitating role of vision in speech. This experimental study examines the impact of congenital visual deprivation on the production of Persian voiced stop consonants as well as the patients’ compensation strategies for producing these phonemes. The researcher recorded 864 naturally produced speech samples from eight congenitally blind children and eight sighted ones all ranging from 8 to 15 years (mean age: 13±1.69 years old) during the production of the three repetitions of the Persian stop-vowel consonants in a CV sequences. The results of The F2 and F3 formant transition analyses revealed that blindness may have an effect on the difference of offset and onset of the second formant transition. However, the onset and offset of the second and third formant transition and the difference of the offset and onset of the third formant transition were unaffected.The multimodal perception and production of speech production have gained a lot of attention as a result of various studies in the 1990s up to now. Although there are discussions about the importance of the role of different perceptual systems in speech production, there is agreement over the facilitating role of vision in speech. This experimental study examines the impact of congenital visual deprivation on the production of Persian voiced stop consonants as well as the patients’ compensation strategies for producing these phonemes. The researcher recorded 864 naturally produced speech samples from eight congenitally blind children and eight sighted ones all ranging from 8 to 15 years (mean age: 13±1.69 years old) during the production of the three repetitions of the Persian stop-vowel consonants in a CV sequences. The results of The F2 and F3 formant transition analyses revealed that blindness may have an effect on the difference of offset and onset of the second formant transition. However, the onset and offset of the second and third formant transition and the difference of the offset and onset of the third formant transition were unaffected.https://jill.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5379_405d7223b7dbc898b431e216d65e9f7a.pdf